Chapter 5 Study Guide | |
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Chapter 5 Gases
This chapter will deal with the relationships between pressure, volume, temperature and amount of gas. It will also look at stoichiometry of gaseous reactions.
There are several ways to measure pressure (the amount of force exerted over a certain area). The most common unit is the atmosphere (atm), but there are also millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), pounds per square inch (psi or lb/in2), grams/square centimeter (g/cm2), kilopascals (kPa) or torr.
Here are the equalities: 1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 14.70 psi = 1033 g/cm2 = 101.3 kPa = 760 torr
There are several ways to measure pressure (the amount of force exerted over a certain area). The most common unit is the atmosphere (atm), but there are also millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), pounds per square inch (psi or lb/in2), grams/square centimeter (g/cm2), kilopascals (kPa) or torr.
Here are the equalities: 1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 14.70 psi = 1033 g/cm2 = 101.3 kPa = 760 torr
The Gas Laws!
The Ideal Gas Law
The ideal gas law is where all of the other gas laws originate from. This shows the relationship between the pressure, volume, temperature and the number of moles of a gas under certain conditions. From this equation, Boyles', Charles', Gay-Lussac's and Avogadro's Gas Laws are derived.
Boyle's Law
In Boyle's Law, the temperature of a gas is held constant, but the pressure exerted on a gas is changes, therefore the volume changes. The two pressures (P1 and P2) must have the same units and the two volumes (V1 and V2) also must have the same units.
Charles' Law
In Charles' Law, the pressure exerted on the gas is held constant while the temperature of the gas is changes, therefore the volume changes. The two volumes (V1 and V2) must have the same units and all temperatures must be measured in Kelvin (deg C + 273).
Gay-Lussac's Law
Gay-Lussac's law is very similar to Charles' Law, except that the volume is held constant while the pressure exerted on the gas is changed. The two pressures (P1 and P2) must have the same units and all temperatures must be measured in Kelvin (deg C + 273)
Combined Gas Law
When more than 2 variables are changing, use the combined gas laws. The same rules apply. The units for volume need to be the same; the units for pressure need to be the same; the temperature needs to be measured in Kelvin.